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排序方式: 共有674条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Measurement and Management of Human-Induced Patterns of Forest Fragmentation: A Case Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tole L 《Environmental management》2006,37(6):788-801
In many tropical developing countries, the twin pressures of population and poverty are resulting in substantial fragmentation
of forests, increasing the probability of extinction for many species, Forest fragmentation occurs when large contiguous forests
are perforated by small holes or broken up into edges and smaller patches to form a nonforested matrix of open spaces. Thus,
forest fragmentation refers not only to the area of forest cleared, but also to the pattern of this clearance, the resulting
forest’s spatial properties. Both characteristics are important for species survivability. Apart from opening up forests to
many abiotic and biotic influences, fragmentation can affect species dispersal and migration through its effects on forest
connectivity. Landscape ecology conceptualizes connectivity as a gradient of critical thresholds, ranging from the large intact
forest to the small unconnected forest patch. This article reports results from a multiple-scale analysis of forest fragmentation
in Jamaica’s Cockpit Country, an area of once contiguous forest now under threat from human encroachment. Spatial forest data
derived from classification of ETM+ satellite imagery are used to measure fragmentation patterns representing various degrees
of forest connectivity and density. The results suggest that, overall, 81% of the region is in forest. However, fragmentation
patterns also suggest that this forest is riven with extensive perforations indicative of an early stage in the decline of
contiguity. The results provided by the spatial fragmentation model are a first step in the design of effective conservation
and rehabilitation plans for the area. The article concludes with a discussion of possible multiscale management options for
the region. 相似文献
3.
We compared the effects of natural and anthropogenic watershed disturbances on methyl mercury (MeHg) concentration in bulk
zooplankton from boreal Shield lakes. MeHg in zooplankton was monitored for three years in nine lakes impacted by deforestation,
in nine lakes impacted by wildfire, and in twenty lakes with undisturbed catchments. Lakes were sampled during spring, mid-
and late summer. MeHg in zooplankton showed a seasonal trend: concentrations were the lowest in spring, then peaked in mid-summer
and decreased in late summer. Over the three study years, MeHg concentrations observed in mid-summer in zooplankton from forest
harvested lakes were significantly higher than in reference and fire-impacted lakes, whereas differences between these two
groups of lakes were not significant. The pattern of distribution of MeHg in zooplankton during the different seasons paralleled
that of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is known as a vector of Hg from watershed soils to lake water. Besides DOC,
MeHg in zooplankton also showed a positive significant correlation with epilimnetic temperature and sulfate concentrations.
An inter-annual decreasing trend in MeHg was observed in zooplankton from reference and fire-impacted lakes. In forest harvested
lakes, however, MeHg concentrations remained higher and nearly constant over three years following the impact. Overall these
results indicate that the MeHg pulse observed in zooplankton following deforestation by harvesting is relatively long-lived,
and may have repercussions to the accumulation of MeHg along the food chain. Therefore, potential effects of deforestation
on the Hg contamination of fish should be taken into account in forest management practices. 相似文献
4.
The contribution of Korean forests to carbon sequestration for anthropogenic carbon emissions was evaluated. In addition,
monitoring of carbon species released from forest fires was conducted. Despite a high carbon uptake by Korean forests, a tremendous
increase in fossil fuel burning resulted in a small contribution by forests to carbon removal. The removal efficiency had
a 5–31% range with an average of 12% during the period 1973–2002. In 2000, the amount of carbon released from burned trees
corresponded to 1.6% of carbon uptake by forests. The distribution of surface CO concentration (ppb) derived from MOPITT (Measurement
of Pollution in the Troposphere) showed high CO levels over the East/Japan Sea on April 10, 2000 when the largest forest fires
occurred along the east coast of Korea. Trajectory analysis and ground CO measurements also indicated that CO levels over
the East/Japan Sea were influenced by forest fires. This study suggests that continuous monitoring of carbon emissions from
forest fires is needed for a more reliable estimate of carbon flux in the environment. 相似文献
5.
采用自主设计的生物质燃烧实验装置,在不同燃烧状态(明燃、阴燃)下,对大兴安岭林区5种典型乔木树种的不同部位(枝、叶、皮)燃烧释放PM2.5中的水溶性元素特性进行研究.结果显示,不同树种间PM2.5的排放因子差异显著,排放范围为(2.408±0.854)~(9.227±1.172)g/kg.5种乔木树种燃烧释放PM2.5中主要检测到Mg、Ca、K等16 种元素,其中Ca、K、Zn、Mg 4种元素的排放因子明显大于其它元素.不同树种间元素排放因子差异较大,针叶树的排放因子一般高于阔叶树.除Cd元素外,不同器官间排放的元素总量无明显差异.不同树种不同器官燃烧释放PM2.5中水溶性元素的占比顺序较为一致,其中Ca、K、Zn和Mg 4种元素的排放因子在枝、叶、皮中均较高.此外,燃烧状态对元素排放特征影响较大,Li、Mg、Ca等7种元素的排放因子均表现为明燃显著高于阴燃. 相似文献
6.
Mitigation and adaptation synergy in forest sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):843-853
Mitigation and adaptation are the two main strategies to address climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have been considered
separately in the global negotiations as well as literature. There is a realization on the need to explore and promote synergy
between mitigation and adaptation while addressing climate change. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the synergy
between mitigation and adaptation by considering forest sector, which on the one hand is projected to be adversely impacted
under the projected climate change scenarios and on the other provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Thus, the
potential and need for incorporating adaptation strategies and practices in mitigation projects is presented with a few examples.
Firstly, there is a need to ensure that mitigation programs or projects do not increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems
and plantations. Secondly, several adaptation practices could be incorporated into mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability.
Further, many of the mitigation projects indeed reduce vulnerability and promote adaptation, for example; forest and biodiversity
conservation, protected area management and sustainable forestry. Also, many adaptation options such as urban forestry, soil
and water conservation and drought resistant varieties also contribute to mitigation of climate change. Thus, there is need
for research and field demonstration of synergy between mitigation and adaptation, so that the cost of addressing climate
change impacts can be reduced and co-benefits increased. 相似文献
7.
宁夏煤田火灾的危害及综合治理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对宁夏回族自治区煤田火灾的状况,指出了宁夏煤田火灾所造成的环境、地质及社会灾害,并根据宁夏煤田火灾的情况,进行了系统的分析,对灭火方法进行了研究和探讨。 相似文献
8.
旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为了探明旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响,保护土壤生态平衡及合理开发自然保护区提供理论依据,进行了旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响研究.结果表明,在所设的3个试验区中,0~5cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最严重,5~15cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响较严重,而15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最轻,旅游踩踏对所设3个试验区中3个层次土壤的微生物生物量碳、磷的影响均达到了显著水平(p<0.05).从旅游踩踏对3个土壤层的微生物生物量氮的影响程度来看,0~5cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最严重,5~15cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响较严重,而15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最轻,背景区与缓冲区15~25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮差异没有达到显著水平.说明张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物遭到了旅游踩踏的破坏,抵御外界干扰的能力已受到了旅游踩踏的破坏. 相似文献
9.
本文讨论了森林经营方案实施的反馈控制模式,提出了森林经营方案实施的反馈控制模型,这经营方案实施策略的最优调整提供了科学的方法。 相似文献
10.
兴文石林是喀斯特岩溶地质风景名胜区兴文石海的中心景区,喀斯特岩溶山地的生态环境具有一定脆弱特性,随着旅游业的不断发展,景区加大了开发力度,可能导致景区脆弱性的加剧,为了保证在旅游开发中能对景区重要的地质资源进行更好地保护,采用生态脆弱区评级指标及权重值评分法对兴文石林的10个主景点进行了研究,分析得出,兴文石林存在轻生态脆弱性、中生态脆弱性和强生态脆弱性三种梯度趋向,其中,脆弱性最强区域面积达到2平方公里的面积,这些区域分布在景区的边缘地带,因此,要实现旅游资源的可持续利用,必须对强生态脆弱性区域实行禁游和实行退耕还林等措施,以防止脆弱区域的扩大和脆弱性加剧. 相似文献